Caro, G. I am also grateful to Laurence Langlais for her assistance. Potential conflicts of interest. Google Scholar. Google Preview. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
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The Future of B. Bordetella pertussis and Pertussis Vaccines. Nicole Guiso Nicole Guiso. Oxford Academic. Revision received:. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Bordetella pertussis is a human-specific pathogen that causes whooping cough.
Open in new tab Download slide. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Google Scholar PubMed. Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis , and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Speciation in the genus Bordetella as deduced from comparative genome analyses. Bordetella: molecular microbiology. Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough, evolved from a distinct, human-associated lineage of B.
Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Polymorphism of Bordetella pertussis isolates circulating the last ten years in France, where a single effective whole-cell vaccine has been used for more than thirty years. Pertussis in Algeria: direct and indirect methods of diagnosis- Analysis of the circulating isolates.
Is Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis pathogenicity changing [abstract E1—10]? Genomic content of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates circulating in areas of intensive children vaccination. Characterization of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin gene duplication in a Bordetella pertussis isolate. First report and detailed characterization of B. Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis: two immunologically distinct species.
The O antigen enables Bordetella parapertussis to avoid Bordetella pertussis -induced immunity. Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an immunized population. Comparison of the Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis isolates circulating in Saint Petersburg between and with Russian vaccine strains.
Prevention of pertussis: recommendations derived from the second Global Pertussis Initiative roundtable meeting. Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria among pregnant and postpartum women and their infants recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ACIP.
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View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. New issue alert. Early symptoms can last for 1 to 2 weeks and usually include:. The coughing fits can go on for up to 10 weeks or more.
In China, pertussis is known as the " day cough. Although you are often exhausted after a coughing fit, you usually appear fairly well in-between. Coughing fits generally become more common and severe as the illness continues, and can occur more often at night. The illness can be milder less severe and the typical "whoop" absent in children, teens, and adults who have been vaccinated.
Recovery from pertussis can happen slowly. The cough becomes less severe and less common. However, coughing fits can return with other respiratory infections for many months after pertussis started. Communicability Pertussis is very contagious. Infected people are most contagious up to about 21 days after the cough begins.
Antibiotics may shorten the time that someone is contagious. The best way to prevent pertussis whooping cough among infants, children, teens, and adults is to get vaccinated. Also, keep infants and other people at high risk for pertussis complications away from infected people. This is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis.
For maximum protection against pertussis, children need five DTaP shots. The first three shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The fourth shot is given between 15 and 18 months of age, and a fifth shot is given before a child enters school, at 4—6 years of age.
Parents can also help protect infants by keeping them away as much as possible from anyone who has cold symptoms or is coughing. There is an increasing number of adults and adolescents who are diagnosed with pertussis. At present, the age groups with the most pertussis diagnoses are infants below one year of age, and adolescents between 10 and 20 years of age. All those not vaccinated against pertussis with the recommended number of doses of vaccine are at risk, regardless of age.
Unlike diseases such as chicken pox varicella and measles, it is possible to have pertussis more than once during a lifetime, because the antibodies that are developed after infection do not last over time. The most important way to prevent pertussis is through complete immunisation. The vaccine for pertussis is usually given in combination with diphtheria and tetanus often in combination also with poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae and hepatitis B.
A primary course of three doses of DTaP diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine or DTwP diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis vaccine is usually given between two and twelve months of age. A fourth dose is recommended at 11—24 months of age and another dose between three and six years of age. There is considerable variation between national immunisation schedules in the timing of these doses. Some countries recommend boosters for adolescents, during pregnancy or soon after delivery.
The vaccines that protect against pertussis are generally safe. Minor adverse reactions can include local redness and swelling. Reactions such as fever, drowsiness, agitation and loss of appetite may also occur.
Most of these problems resolve themselves. Less frequently, other reactions can occur, such as high fever, persistent crying lasting more than three hours less than five in 1 vaccinations , fainting, an unresponsive collapsed-like state, and convulsions less than 1 in 10 vaccinations.
Most of these reactions have no long-term consequences. If you think you have pertussis, you should seek medical attention and inform the clinic in advance to avoid infecting other clients. Cover your mouth and nose to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.
An individual with pertussis can be infectious for four to five weeks from the onset of the illness. Treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin can shorten the contagious period and limits the risk of infection to other people. People who have or may have pertussis should stay away from young children and infants until properly treated.
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