The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old English word brycg , of the same meaning, derived from German root brugj? The first bridges were believed to be made by nature — as simple as a log fallen across a stream. The first bridges made by humans were probably spans of wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support and crossbeam arrangement. The recent satellite photograph depicts the existence of this bridge, referred to in Ramayana.
During the wars Mughals have constructed many bridges across major rivers, in India. Before pre-historic people began to build the crudest shelter for themselves they bridged streams. Trees that have fallen across the stream from bank to bank acted as bridges. The wandering tribe that first deliberately made a tree fall across a stream were the first bridge builders. Observing monkeys swing of the several vines, led to connecting parallel cables with some sort of cross pieces, to support as bridges.
Later hand grips were proved which led to suspension bridges. Rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes Mountains of South America The first bridges were natural of huge rock arch that spans.
The first man-made bridges were tree trunks laid across streams in girder fashion, flat stones, and festoons of vegetation, twisted or braided and hung in suspension. These three types - beam, arch, and suspension - have been known and built since ancient times and are the origins from which engineers and builders derived various combinations such as the truss, cantilever, cable-stayed, tied-arch, and moveable spans Bridges of twisted vines and creepers were found in many parts of India.
Wooden bridges are some of the most ancient. Suspension bridges had been known in China as early as BC. Chinese built big bridges of wooden construction, and later stone bridges, and the oldest surviving stone bridge in China is the Zhaozhou Bridge built around AD during the Sui Dynasty.
This bridge is also historically significant as it is the world's oldest open- stone segmental arch bridge. Pontoon bridge.
Armoured vehicle-launched bridge. Water bridge. This reference article is mainly selected from the English Wikipedia with only minor checks and changes see www. See also our Disclaimer. Arch bridge. Bascule bridge. Beam bridge. Brunnel Truss bridge or lenticular truss. Box girder bridge. Burr Arch Truss. Cable-stayed bridge. Cantilever bridge. Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge. Clapper bridge. Compression arch suspended-deck bridge. Rolling, or curling bridge. Extradosed bridge.
They also used cement which consisted of water, lime, sand, and volcanic rock. Some of their most beautiful bridges were built over ravines while others were built over rivers where no rock or island emerges from the water to carry the piers. Indians also built bridges, which is documented in their ancient text the Arthashastra which was written between 4th and 3rd century BC. They used plaited bamboo and iron chain as materials. The Chinese oldest surviving stone bridge is the Zhaozhou Bridge.
It was built from to AD during the Sui Dynasty. It is also it the world's oldest stone segmental arch bridge built with open spandrels. With its three tiers of arches, the Pont du Gard serves as an example of impressive Roman bridge technique that served for centuries and stands tall to this day. Ushering in the modern age of materials, the first-ever major single-span bridge built of cast iron opened in over the Severn in England, fittingly named "Ironbridge.
Designer Thomas Telford used arched limestone and 16 wrought-iron chains, each made of iron bars, for the original suspension cables. Since replaced by steel, the original iron chains were over 1, feet in length, weighing tons. The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City has a total length of 5, feet, height of feet, and width of 85 feet which made it unparalleled in stature, use, and landmark status.
Started in and wrapped up in the Tower Bridge is not only a true symbol of London, but also an impressive combination of both a bascule or "moving" and suspension bridge over the River Thames. With a longest span of feet, the bridge reaches feet in total length with a height of feet. With two bascule counterbalances weighing over 1, tons each, the lower deck can open at an degree angle. Located nearby the famed Tower of London, the bridge—not to be confused with London Bridge—also features two distinct towers and an elevated walkway.
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